10. 1782
The Gnadenhütten massacre occurs when ninety‑six Christian Lenape Native Americans are killed by Pennsylvania militia, becoming one of the most notorious episodes of violence in colonial America.
11. 1801
British forces under General Ralph Abercromby land at Abukir Bay in Egypt to challenge Napoleon’s army. The operation marks a major attempt to end the French campaign in Egypt and Syria.
12. 1844
Oscar I becomes King of Sweden and Norway following the death of Charles XIV. His reign later introduces several administrative and social reforms in the two kingdoms.